Baeza is a municipality in Spain. It is located in the same geographical center of the province of Jaén (in the northeast of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia) located in the region of La Loma, which is considered its western capital.

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At present it is known for its huge olive production, its abundant monumental legacy (having been declared in 2003, together with Úbeda, a World Heritage city by Unesco), and for being a university headquarters since the 16th century, today hosting a from the headquarters of the International University of Andalusia.

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Named "Real Nest of Gavilanes" after the ballads, it was a key point in the conquest of al-Andalus by the Christian kings; passing definitively to the kingdom of Castile in 1227. Watchtower on the Guadalquivir, the possession of its fortress (considered impregnable) ensured the Castilian rearguard, at the same time that it was a constant threat to the Islamic kingdoms located to the west and south of the Guadalquivir; a threat that became effective during the more than two centuries of border struggle that separated the incorporation of Baeza into the kingdom of Castile and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada (1492).